An Examination of Code-Switching: Motivational Factors and Patterns among Saudi EFL University Students

Abstract

This study investigates the motivations and patterns of code-switching among Saudi EFL (English as a Foreign Language) university students that influence cultural identities on their language practices. The research has used both qualitative and quantitative methods through a set of questionnaire and semi-structured interviews to collect data. The study has exclusively focused female EFL students from the English Language Department at the Applied College of King Khalid University (KKU) in Almajardah. Out of 95 registered, 87 responded to the questionnaire, and seven students took part in interviews on campus. The findings of the study reveal that recalling Arabic equivalents, boosting confidence, talking about Western culture-related subjects, incorporating particular English terms into their speech, and reflecting long-standing habits are the primary causes that Saudi EFL students switch between English and Arabic. Moreover, EFL students get involved in code-switching to converse about Western society, leveraging their professional backgrounds that inspire them with the image of sophistication and intellect. Regarding patterns of code-switching, the research indicates that Saudi EFL university students occasionally insert English words or phrases while speaking Arabic. They frequently employ both languages in social contexts, particularly for expressions such as “thank you,” “hello,” “sorry,” “goodbye,” and “excuse me.” Furthermore, students regularly replace certain Arabic words with their English counterparts during conversation. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for EFL students to embrace code-switching as a legitimate linguistic strategy. It advocates using contextual language, encouraging emotional expression, prioritizing vocabulary development, integrating media resources, and fostering cultural awareness to enrich the overall learning experience for students.