Innovative Agricultural Tourism: A Framework for ESP Curriculum Design in Outcome-Based Education

Abstract

In the context of increasing demand for context-based language learning, integrating local domains such as innovative agricultural tourism into ESP instruction can enhance learners’ real-world communication and professional readiness. The purposes of this study were to (1) identify and conceptualize innovative agricultural tourism as an emerging domain, (2) develop an ESP curriculum framework based on Outcome-Based Education, and (3) validate the proposed framework. The participants consisted of 10 experts involved in focus group discussions, 30 entrepreneurs and tourism site operators, and 10 experts for framework evaluation, selected through purposive sampling. The instruments included a focus group discussion guide, an interview form, and a framework evaluation form. The data were analyzed using content analysis and descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation. The results of the study showed that innovative agricultural tourism consists of three main components—agricultural foundation, experiential engagement, and tourism innovation—and that the developed ESP framework was evaluated at a high level of appropriateness and applicability. This study contributes by proposing a context-based ESP framework that aligns with Outcome-Based Education and responds to emerging industry needs.