Alpha-foetoprotein producing endometrial serous carcinoma

Abstract

Elevated serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein, a fetal serum protein, occurs on development of hepatoma or germ cell tumors, mainly yolk sac tumor.  Very few cases of endometrial carcinoma associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein have been reported.  It is important to be aware of such entities to ensure correct diagnosis and hence patient management. We report a case of a 71 years old lady presenting with postmenopausal bleeding and elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein.  Investigations confirmed the patient had an alpha-fetoprotein producing endometrial serous carcinoma.  This is the third case of alpha-foetoprotein producing serous carcinoma.  We discuss the clinicopathological features of the case and review the literature for previously reported alpha-fetoprotein producing endometrial carcinomas.  These cases show aggressive behavior and very poor prognosis.